Electrical

Buying LED lighting β€” lumens, colour temperature and the BIS star rating

Wattage stopped meaning brightness when LEDs arrived. The three numbers that actually decide what a light does, and how to read them.

Buy lumens, not watts

Watts measure consumption; lumens measure light. With incandescent bulbs the two tracked each other closely enough that "60 watt" became shorthand for a brightness, and LEDs broke that link β€” a 9 W LED replaces the old 60 W bulb. The lumen figure is on the box, and it is the number to compare.

Colour temperature changes the room, not the brightness

Measured in kelvin. Roughly 2700–3000 K is warm white, the yellow light of an old bulb, and suits bedrooms and living rooms. 4000 K is neutral. 6500 K is cool daylight β€” bright and slightly clinical, which works in a kitchen or a bathroom and is unpleasant where people relax. Mixing temperatures in one room is the most common lighting mistake in a new house.

The BIS star rating is the efficiency number

India's BEE star label runs to five stars and tells you lumens per watt. Over the life of a bulb the gap between a two-star and a five-star is larger than the difference in purchase price, and unlike most efficiency claims this one is independently verified.

The major brands

Philips, Havells, Wipro, Syska and Orient all sell across the range in India. Philips markets its consumer LED bulbs under ranges such as Ace Saver, with eye-comfort claims around flicker and glare. Brand matters less here than in most categories β€” the specification on the box is comparable across all of them, which is precisely what the lumen and star figures are for.

What to actually do

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